巨菌草对七彩山鸡生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。     

鹅肠道微生物研究进展

肠道微生物是当前研究的热点,鹅肠道微生物的组成与丰富程度不仅和鹅的生长性能密切相关,而且在鹅机体生理活动中具有一定的调节作用,同时与疾病的发生和发展具有密切的联系。通过研究鹅肠道微生物的调节,从而达到促生长或者治疗疾病的目的,是目前鹅研究探寻的新方向。文章主要综述了鹅肠道微生物的组成及其变化规律,以期为鹅产业生物饲料的开发应用、研发推广新型安全高效饲料添加剂提供新思路。     

2019年度沙县优质稻品种示范试验

试验通过对野香优669、明Ⅰ优明占、田黄101等13个水稻品种进行展示示范,分析了各品种生育期、农艺性状、抗性以及产量结构,结果表明：野香优669、野香优967、明Ⅰ优明占、中浙优华香占4个参试品种综合性状表现较好,产量较高,建议在沙县推广种植。     

泰州地区稻田综合种养模式水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术

本文介绍了泰州地区稻田综合种养模式采用的水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术,主要包括物理防治、化学防治、生物防治等措施,并结合当地生产实践情况,推荐出低毒安全高效的药剂使用组合,实现了稻田环境的可持续发展。     

山东地区夏玉米的高产种植技术

随着我国市场经济的不断发展和农业供给侧的不断改革，玉米价格呈现出大幅度下降趋势， 玉米种植面积也急剧下降。为了提高玉米的产量和效益，科学推广和应用玉米高产种植技术是当务 之急，同时也是玉米产业快速发展的必然趋势。基于以上情况，本文从精细播种、苗期管理、玉米穗期 管理、花粒期管理五个方面入手，研究了夏玉米高产种植技术。希望通过这次研究，为相关种植人员 提供有效的参考。     

An improved method for extraction of sorghum polymeric protein complexes

A method for fractionating sorghum proteins using extraction solvents and techniques designed to obtain polymeric protein structures (especially disulfide linked) was developed. Extraction and separation conditions were optimized in terms of completeness of protein extraction, sample stability, and analytical resolution. After pre-extraction of albumins and globulins, a 3-step sequential procedure involving no reducing agents was applied to ground whole sorghum flour. The three fractions obtained represented proportionally different protein polymer contents and molecular weight distribution as evidenced by comparative size exclusion chromatography. Protein composition also varied among the extracts with differences in kafirin composition and non-kafirin proteins detected in the fractions by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE analysis. The ability to quantify and further characterize sorghum polymeric protein complexes will be useful for additional studies linking protein structures with functionality and digestibility and variations for these properties within diverse sorghum germplasm.     

A systematic approach to determine the impact of elevated CO2 levels on the chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Two wheat genetic lines (responsive and non-responsive to elevated CO₂) grown under ambient and free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) conditions were compared using fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometry (FCMS) metabolite fingerprinting. A more comprehensive survey of the changes in their chemical composition was made on selected samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) metabolomic profiling with high resolution accurate mass/tandem mass spectrometry (HRAM/MSⁿ). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the metabolite fingerprints showed four clusters for the two genetic lines (responsive and non-responsive) and the two CO₂ levels (ambient and elevated) in score plots. Metabolite profiling of representative samples for each of the four clusters identified 25 and 16 compounds from negative and positive data, respectively, including amino acids, saccharides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lipids. Loading plots demonstrated that some saccharides and lipids were responsible for discriminating between not only two genetic lines but also two CO₂ levels. Analysis of free amino acids (not bound) showed a clear pattern of reduced concentration for both lines with elevated CO₂. After acid hydrolysis, the responsive line 6 (41% increase in yield) showed the same pattern observed for free amino acids, but the non-responsive line 5 (6% increase in yield) showed different trends in concentrations of amino acids with elevated CO₂.     

Localization of amino acids in germinated rice grain: Gamma-aminobutyric acid and essential amino acids production approach

Germinated rice is popularly consumed for its high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and bioactive compounds. Supporting information on how to germinate rice with high GABA content and essential amino acids is lacking. White and colored rough rice were germinated for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. GABA, GABA substrates and essential amino acids were also investigated using GC-MS and MALDI-MSI. GABA was more concentrated after germination and shifted into the coleoptile. High correlation was recorded between germination time and GABA (0.79–0.83, p ≤ 0.01) and glutamic acid (0.88–0.89, p ≤ 0.01). Highest rates of GABA and glutamic production were observed within 48 h of germination in both rice varieties (26.12 and 34.28 mg/100g) and reached maximum value at 96 h (31.36 and 38.75 mg/100g). Colored rice germination showed higher GABA, GABA substrates and deficient amino acids than white rice. GABA and essential amino acids drastically increased after germination, supporting the consumption of germinated rice as a functional food.     

Effects of germination and kilning on the phenolic compounds and nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) are nutritious pseudocereals that originate from the Andean region. The aim of this research was to study the effect of germination and the subsequent kilning on the phenolic compounds and proximate composition in selected Peruvian varieties of quinoa (“Chullpi”) and kiwicha (“Oscar Blanco”). The germination process was carried out for 24, 48 and 72 h at 22 °C, and the kilning was performed with samples germinated for 72 h by drying the seeds at 90 °C for 5 min. Both processes increased the protein content of the samples. However, lipid content was reduced during germination. On the other hand, germination and kilning clearly increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds in both quinoa and kiwicha. Germination for 72 h either with or without kilning process resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total content of phenolics compared to untreated materials, which was especially due to coumaric acid and a kaempferol tri-glycoside in quinoa and caffeoylquinic acid in kiwicha. Based on the results, germination and kilning may improve the nutritional quality of the Andean grains, encouraging the usage of the processed grains as ingredients in functional products for people with special gluten-free or vegetarian diets.     

Recent progress in analytical method development to ensure the safety of gluten-free foods for celiac disease patients

As laid down by the Codex Alimentarius, products bearing a gluten-free label must not contain gluten levels above 20 mg/kg to be safe for consumption by celiac disease patients. Analytical methods to detect gluten from wheat, rye and barley need to be sufficiently sensitive, specific, suitable for routine analyses and validated by collaborative studies. With continuous progress in the field of gluten analysis, the aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of legislation regarding gluten-free products worldwide, as well as immunochemical, proteomics-based, genomics-based and other methods designed to analyse gluten traces. While ELISA test kits and PCR are still most widely used in quality control, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is gaining more and more importance by providing unprecedented insights into gluten. Several other methods such as immunosensors, other sensors and microarrays are being developed. The pro's and con's of the different methods are discussed as well as the remaining challenges, including the need for improved extraction procedures, comprehensive reference materials and independent reference methods.